Who does not know Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever? This infectious disease is caused by the dengue virus which
is often transmitted by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, and has been an epidemic in
Indonesia since 1968.
The disease is still haunting until now, every time the rainy season arrives.
The disease is still haunting until now, every time the rainy season arrives.
Where do Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes usually nest?
The rainy season is
usually accompanied by the appearance of puddles. In fact, according to the
Indonesian Ministry of Health, the Aedes mosquito breeding site is located in a
water reservoir, which consists of:
•
Water reservoirs for daily needs both inside and
outside the home, such as buckets, drums, jars and bathtubs / toilets.
•
Water reservoirs are not for daily necessities, such
as bird drinking places, flower vases, ant traps, used goods, and gutters.
•
Natural water reservoirs, such as tree holes, stone
holes, leaf midribs, coconut shells, bamboo pieces, and banana midribs.
Water that pooled in a
place then becomes a breeding ground for mosquitoes, causing mosquito eggs to
hatch, and after 10 to 12 days it will turn into a mosquito. If humans are
bitten by mosquitoes with the dengue virus, then after 4 to 7 days, symptoms of
dengue fever will begin to appear.
The interesting thing is,
in recent years it has been agreed that the clinical symptoms of dengue fever
vary, so that the course of the disease is no longer predictable.
This is due to the difference in case findings in the field with the existing theories. Though there are several diseases that have similarities with the initial symptoms of dengue fever.
This is due to the difference in case findings in the field with the existing theories. Though there are several diseases that have similarities with the initial symptoms of dengue fever.
One symptom of dengue
fever that is still common is the appearance of red spots on the skin. But
apparently, these symptoms are still often misinterpreted with symptoms of
other diseases such as measles.
How to distinguish red spots from dengue fever signs?
According to a
Pediatrician, Dr. Widodo Judarwanto, the red rash at the onset of symptoms of
dengue fever usually occurs on the face, neck and chest area. The red rash will
usually decrease into the 4th and 5th day until it finally disappears after the
6th day. Even though the skin was stretched, the red spots also turned out to
be visible.
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This is different from
measles. The rash in measles usually occurs on the 3rd day, then it will
increase on the 6th and 7th days. Until finally the color turned black and
lasted for a week.
Symptoms of dengue fever
also often begin with high heat that occurs suddenly. Usually, this is what
distinguishes red spots from dengue fever symptoms with red spots because of
other things.
Red rash on the skin, which distinguishes dengue fever from other diseases, then followed by other symptoms such as the incidence of shock (critical phase) which is accelerated by a condition of lack of fluids. This can occur because platelets drop which results in abnormalities in the blood vessels (bleeding).
This condition is often
associated with the cause of death of patients with dengue fever. Death can be
avoided, if the patient gets fast and correct treatment. This can be done by
laboratory examination immediately after experiencing high heat for 3
consecutive days.
What should be done to prevent dengue fever?
•
Clean up places that are often used as water
reservoirs such as bathtubs, water buckets, drinking water reservoirs,
refrigerator water reservoirs (drain)
•
Close tightly the reservoirs of water such as drums,
jugs, toren water
•
Reuse or recycle used goods that have the potential to
become mosquito breeding sites for dengue fever.
•
Spread larvicidal powder on water reservoirs that are
difficult to clean
•
Using insect repellent or mosquito repellent
•
Using a mosquito net while sleeping
•
Maintain mosquito larvae predators
•
Plant mosquito repellent plants
•
Adjust light and ventilation in the house
•
Avoid the habit of hanging clothes in a house that can
be a place for resting mosquitoes, and others.
Characteristics of Dengue Fever You Need to Know
Dengue fever is still one
of the main public health problems in Indonesia. Especially when it enters the
rainy season, the disease begins to wander through the intermediary of
mosquitoes carrying dengue virus (dengue fever).
Because the dengue fever
mosquitoes like the stagnant water areas that are the breeding grounds. So,
what are the other characteristics of dengue fever mosquitoes?
Dengue fever type
Dengue is caused by
dengue virus which is known to have four serotypes of dengue virus, including
DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. In Indonesia alone, this virus is transmitted
by two types of female dengue fever mosquitoes, namely Aedes aegypti as the
main vector and Aedes albopictus as secondary vectors.
This type of dengue fever
has anthropophilic properties, meaning they prefer to suck human blood. In
addition, it is also multiple feeding, meaning that to meet the blood needs
until full, these mosquitoes are usually able to suck blood several times.
The nature of multiple
feeding is what can increase the risk of dengue transmission in residential
areas with denser populations. Because, one mosquito that is infective in one
period of biting time will be able to transmit the virus to more than one
person.
The color and shape of the body of the mosquito
An easy way to recognize
dengue mosquitoes is to look at the color and shape. If you find a mosquito
with small and black features with white stripes all over the body, it can be
ascertained that it is a dengue mosquito. This mosquito has the ability to fly
as high as 100 meters so that the transmission range is quite far.
When bite
The characteristic nature
of dengue mosquitoes can be seen from the time of the bite. Active dengue fever
bites from morning to evening, most active at two hours after sunrise and a few
hours before sunset.
Dengue mosquitoes
sometimes bite without your knowledge because these mosquitoes usually bite
from behind your body and towards your ankles and elbows. The bite is often
painless, so you may not be aware when you get the bite of a dengue fever
mosquito.
Breeding place
Aedes aegypti and Aedes
albopictus mosquitoes are a type of settlement mosquito. So, this mosquito
likes the place or container of clear water to lay the eggs. These places are
also not only inside the house, because shelter outside the home can also be a
breeding ground and often escape attention.
In general, dengue fever mosquitoes like a rather dark and damp place. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are more commonly found breeding in artificial water reservoirs, for example bathtubs, buckets, flower vases, bird drinking places, used cans, and similar places.
Meanwhile, the Aedes
albopictus mosquito is more commonly found in natural water reservoirs outside
the home, such as leaf armpits, tree holes, and pieces of bamboo.
If you have the habit of
hanging clothes behind the door, you need to be vigilant because these piles of
clothes also become a perch that is liked by dengue fever mosquitoes.
Dengue mosquito larvae
In addition to knowing
the characteristics of dengue fever mosquitoes, you also need to know which
larvae are larvae larvae larvae. When you check the bathtub or other shelter,
flicking mosquitoes of dengue fever usually moves actively from the bottom to
the surface of the water repeatedly.
Now, if you find it,
immediately drain the bath to prevent the proliferation of dengue fever
mosquitoes.
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Super Drinks That Can Overcome Symptoms of Dengue Fever
There is no cure for
dengue fever. One thing that can be done is therapy to help reduce symptoms,
for example by administering fluids. Here are a number of drinks that can help
relieve the symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Because of the presence
of blood plasma leakage, it is important for dengue fever patients to continue
to meet the body's fluid requirements so as not to fall into a state of
hypotension or shock. It should be noted that administration of water alone is
not recommended by WHO. White water does not have enough electrolytes to
replace the body's electrolytes lost together with plasma leakage. Then what
fluids are recommended by WHO?
1. Isotonic fluid
The first drink suggested
by WHO for patients with dengue fever is isotonic fluid. Isotonic drinks
generally contain sodium or sodium of approximately 200 mg / 250 ml of water.
Isotonic fluid is a good
liquid consumed by people who are dehydrated. However, this isotonic liquid is
not good if it is consumed too much by people who are not dehydrated because of
their high sugar content.
2. ORS
In addition to isotonic
fluid, administration of electrolyte fluid in patients with dengue fever can be
given through ORS. There are 2 kinds of ORS fluids with different composition
according to WHO and UNICEF. The old ORS contains a higher osmolarity of 331
mmol / L, when compared to the new ORS with an osmolarity of 245 mmol / L. For
differences in the electrolyte content between old and new ORS is the new
sodium ORS which is lower at 75 mEq / L, compared to the old ORS 90 mEq / L.
For potassium content is
still the same between old ORS and new. The new ORS arrangement has the effect
of reducing nausea and vomiting by up to 30% when compared to new ORS. So that
it is better to give ORS which is new compared to the old ORS. In addition to
ORS, drug stores can also buy other branded electrolyte substitute drinks, with
different electrolyte compositions.
3. Milk
In addition to
electrolyte drinks in general, WHO also recommends giving milk as a way to
relieve symptoms of dengue fever, rather than giving plain water. Milk contains
electrolyte sodium 42 mg / 100 grams, potassium 156 mg / 100 grams, and also
contains other electrolytes such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc
which are also needed to carry out all bodily functions.
4. Fruit juice
Fruit juice is a good
source of electrolytes for the body. Some fruits that contain high potassium or
potassium; for example bananas, oranges, kiwi, and avocados. While fruits
containing high sodium or sodium are tomatoes.
And there are many more fruits that contain a lot of electrolytes, which are better to give to sufferers of dengue fever than just plain water.
And there are many more fruits that contain a lot of electrolytes, which are better to give to sufferers of dengue fever than just plain water.
5. Rice or barley water
Giving fluids with rice
water or barley water to treat the symptoms of dengue fever can be done on the
first 3 days of fever. In the critical phase, plasma leakage only lasts 2-3
days.
After this critical phase, the plasma fluid coming out into the third compartment will return to the blood vessels.
After this critical phase, the plasma fluid coming out into the third compartment will return to the blood vessels.
Watch out, do not
carelessly provide fluids for patients with dengue fever
It should be noted that
there is a possibility of excess fluid in patients with dengue fever. This can
occur either because of excessive fluid therapy, or also because of the return
of fluid from the third compartment to the blood vessel after the critical
phase.
Excessive signs of fluid
that need to be considered are swollen eyelids, swollen abdomen, rapid
breathing, and / or difficulty breathing. In this condition, administration of
fluids needs to be stopped temporarily. Patients need to be closely monitored
and get treatment by medical personnel.
Prevent mosquito bites in this way
After knowing the
characteristics of dengue fever mosquitoes, it's time for you to take
precautions to avoid being hit by dengue fever mosquitoes.
Here are some ways you
can follow as a preventative step:
•
Use long-sleeved clothes, trousers, socks, and shoes
during the active distribution of dengue fever mosquitoes.
•
Use mosquito repellent lotion to avoid mosquito bites.
•
Use mosquito nets on the bed or baby carriage so that
you and your family are protected from mosquito bites while sleeping.
•
Do close, drain, bury, and recycle used goods that
have the potential to become a breeding ground for dengue fever mosquitoes.
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